What are endocrine disruptors?
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with the body's natural hormone production. Most endocrine disruptors can be linked to severe health disorders such as lowering testosterone levels, reproductive problems, developmental problems, cancer and more. They can be found in a variety of places - our homes, our clothes, and even the food we eat. Some of the most common endocrine and testosterone disruptors can be found in:
- Plastic Food Containers: Phthalates are a type of endocrine disruptor that is often used to make plastics more flexible. They can leach into food and beverages, and have been linked to lower testosterone levels.
- Clothing: Some of the most common synthetic materials in clothing that are endocrine disruptors include polyester, nylon, polyurethane, and PVC - these materials are absorbed through the skin and into your bloodstream.
- Personal Care Products: Many personal care products, such as perfumes, lotions, and cosmetics, contain endocrine disruptors such as parabens and phthalates. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream.
- Flame Retardants: Flame retardants are chemicals that are added to furniture, carpets, and other household items to make them less flammable. However, they can also be endocrine disruptors.
- Non-stick Cookware: Non-stick cookware is often coated with Teflon, which contains perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are endocrine disruptors that have been linked to a variety of health problems, including lower testosterone levels.
- Air Fresheners: Air fresheners often contain synthetic fragrances, which can contain endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Electronics: Electronics, such as computers and televisions, can contain lead, mercury, and other heavy metals that are endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be released into the air and dust when the electronics are used.
Plastic Food Containers
Phthalates are a type of endocrine disruptor that is often used to make plastics more flexible. They can leach into food and beverages, and have been linked to lower testosterone levels.
A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives in 2014 found that men who had higher levels of phthalates in their urine had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between phthalates and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to phthalates during their childhood.
- Bisphenol A (BPA): BPA is a chemical that is used to make polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is often found in plastic food containers, water bottles, and baby bottles. BPA has been linked to reproductive problems, obesity, and cancer.
- Phthalates: Phthalates are a group of chemicals that are used to make plastics more flexible and durable. They are often found in plastic food containers, toys, and personal care products. Phthalates have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
- Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): PFAS are a group of chemicals that are used to make non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and other products. They are very persistent in the environment and can build up in the body. PFAS have been linked to cancer, liver damage, and thyroid problems.
How do endocrine disruptors in plastic food containers enter the body?
- Contact with food: When food is stored in plastic food containers, the endocrine disruptors can leach into the food.
- Heat: When plastic food containers are heated, the endocrine disruptors can be released into the food.
- Microwaving: Microwaving plastic food containers can also release endocrine disruptors into the food.
- Breathing: When we breathe in the air around plastic food containers, we can inhale the endocrine disruptors.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in plastic food containers?
- Choose glass or stainless steel food containers: Glass and stainless steel are not porous materials, so they do not release endocrine disruptors into food.
- Look for the "BPA-free" label: This label indicates that the plastic food container does not contain BPA.
- Avoid microwaving plastic food containers: Microwaving can release endocrine disruptors from plastic food containers.
- Wash your plastic food containers with soap and water before using them: This will help to remove any endocrine disruptors that may be on the surface of the container.
Clothing
Polyester is a type of plastic that is often used in clothing because it is durable and wrinkle-resistant.
Nylon is another type of plastic that is often used in clothing because it is strong and stretchy.
Polyurethane is a type of plastic that is often used in foam and fabric insulation. It can also be found in some clothing, such as raincoats and shoes.
PVC is a type of plastic that is often used in raincoats, shoes and handbags.
All of these materials can release phthalates and other endocrine disruptors.
How do synthetic clothing materials enter the body?
- Skin contact: When we wear clothing made from synthetic materials, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through our skin.
- Inhalation: When we wash clothing made from synthetic materials, the endocrine disruptors can be released into the air and we can breathe them in.
- Ingestion: If we eat food that has been cooked in non-stick cookware that is coated with PFAS, or if we eat food that has been packaged in PFAS-containing materials, we can ingest the endocrine disruptors.
What clothing should you wear to avoid endocrine disruptors?
- Choose natural fabrics: When possible, choose clothing made from natural fabrics, such as cotton, linen, and wool. These fabrics are not treated with chemicals that are endocrine disruptors.
- Look for the Oeko-Tex Standard 100 label: This label indicates that the clothing has been tested for harmful chemicals and meets strict safety standards.
- Avoid clothing that is labeled as "flame-retardant": Flame-retardant clothing is often treated with chemicals that are endocrine disruptors.
- Wash your clothes less often: When you do wash your clothes, use cold water and a gentle detergent.
- Air-dry your clothes instead of using the dryer: The dryer can release harmful chemicals from the clothing.
Personal Care Products
Many personal care products, such as perfumes, lotions, and cosmetics, contain endocrine disruptors such as parabens and phthalates. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream.
A study published in the journal Toxicological Sciences in 2012 found that men who used more personal care products containing parabens had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between parabens and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to parabens for a longer period of time.
- Parabens: Parabens are a group of chemicals that are used as preservatives in personal care products, such as shampoo, conditioner, lotion, and deodorant. Parabens have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
- Phthalates: Phthalates are a group of chemicals that are used to make plastics more flexible and durable. They are often found in personal care products, such as perfumes, lotions, and nail polish. Phthalates have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
- Triclosan: Triclosan is an antibacterial agent that is used in some personal care products, such as soap and toothpaste. Triclosan has been linked to thyroid problems and antibiotic resistance.
- Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a preservative that is used in some personal care products, such as hair straighteners and nail polish. Formaldehyde has been linked to respiratory problems and cancer.
How do endocrine disruptors in personal care products enter the body?
- Skin contact: When we apply personal care products to our skin, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream.
- Inhalation: When we use personal care products, such as hairspray or perfume, the endocrine disruptors can be inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Ingestion: If we swallow personal care products, such as mouthwash or toothpaste, the endocrine disruptors can be ingested and absorbed into the bloodstream.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in personal care products?
- Choose products that are labeled as "paraben-free" or "phthalate-free."
- Look for products that are certified by a third-party organization, such as the Environmental Working Group (EWG).
- Avoid products that contain triclosan or formaldehyde.
- Read the labels carefully and avoid products that contain ingredients that you are not familiar with.
Flame Retardants
Flame-retardant clothing is often treated with chemicals that can be endocrine disruptors. These chemicals are designed to prevent the clothing from catching fire, but they can also be harmful to human health. Flame retardants are also added to furniture, carpets, and other household items to make them less flammable. However, they can also be endocrine disruptors.
A study published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology in 2013 found that men who were exposed to flame retardants had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between flame retardants and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to flame retardants during their childhood.
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): PBDEs are a group of chemicals that are used to make flame retardants. They are found in a variety of products, including furniture, electronics, and building materials. PBDEs have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
- Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): PFAS are a group of chemicals that are used to make flame retardants. They are very persistent in the environment and can build up in the body. PFAS have been linked to cancer, liver damage, and thyroid problems.
- Chlorinated flame retardants: Chlorinated flame retardants are a group of chemicals that were once used more widely, but are now being phased out due to their health risks. They have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
How do endocrine disruptors in flame retardants enter the body?
- Inhalation: When we breathe in dust or fumes from products that contain flame retardants, the endocrine disruptors can be inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Ingestion: If we swallow food or water that has been contaminated with flame retardants, the endocrine disruptors can be ingested and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Skin contact: When we touch products that contain flame retardants, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in flame retardants?
- Choose products that are labeled as "flame retardant-free."
- Look for products that are certified by a third-party organization, such as the Environmental Working Group (EWG).
- Avoid products that are made with polyurethane foam, which often contains flame retardants.
- Ask your doctor if you should have your blood levels of flame retardants tested - (Recommended for firefighters and military personnel).
Non-stick Cookware
Non-stick cookware is often coated with Teflon, which contains perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are endocrine disruptors that have been linked to a variety of health problems, including lower testosterone levels.
A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives in 2017 found that men who had higher levels of PFAS in their blood had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between PFAS and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to PFAS for a longer period of time.
- Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): PFAS are a group of chemicals that are used to make non-stick cookware.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): PTFE is the chemical that is used to make Teflon, a common type of non-stick cookware. PTFE can break down into PFOA, a type of PFAS that is known to be harmful to health.
How do endocrine disruptors in non-stick cookware enter the body?
- Inhalation: When non-stick cookware is heated, the PFAS can vaporize and be inhaled into the lungs.
- Ingestion: If food is cooked in non-stick cookware and the food is then eaten, the PFAS can be ingested.
- Skin contact: When non-stick cookware is scratched or damaged, the PFAS can be released and come into contact with the skin.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in non-stick cookware?
- Choose non-stick cookware that is labeled as "PFOA-free" or "PTFE-free."
- Look for non-stick cookware that is made with ceramic or granite.
- Avoid using non-stick cookware at high temperatures.
- Avoid scratching or damaging non-stick cookware.
- Wash non-stick cookware with mild soap and water.
- Use glass or stainless steel cookware instead of non-stick cookware whenever possible.
- Avoid using non-stick cookware to cook acidic foods, such as tomato sauce or lemon juice.
- Do not overcook food in non-stick cookware.
- Replace non-stick cookware when it is scratched or damaged.
Air Fresheners
Air fresheners often contain synthetic fragrances, which can contain endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream.
A study published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters in 2018 found that men who were exposed to synthetic fragrances had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between synthetic fragrances and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to synthetic fragrances for a longer period of time.
- Phthalates: Phthalates are a group of chemicals that are used to make plastics more flexible and durable. They are often found in air fresheners, as well as other personal care products and household items. Phthalates have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems and cancer.
- Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a preservative that is used in some air fresheners. It has been linked to respiratory problems and cancer.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): VOCs are a group of chemicals that are released into the air from a variety of sources, including air fresheners. VOCs have been linked to respiratory problems, headaches and nausea.
How do endocrine disruptors in air fresheners enter the body?
- Inhalation: When air fresheners are sprayed into the air, the endocrine disruptors can be inhaled into the lungs.
- Skin contact: When air fresheners are applied to surfaces, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through the skin.
- Ingestion: If air fresheners are ingested, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in air fresheners?
- Choose air fresheners that are labeled as "phthalate-free" or "formaldehyde-free."
- Look for air fresheners that are made with natural ingredients.
- Avoid air fresheners that contain VOCs.
- Use air purifiers instead of air fresheners.
- Open the windows to ventilate the air.
- Make your own air freshener with natural ingredients, such as essential oils.
- Place bowls of baking soda or coffee grounds around your home to absorb odors.
- Use a fan to circulate the air and help to remove odors.
Electronics
Electronics, such as computers and televisions, can contain lead, mercury and other heavy metals that are endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be released into the air and dust when the electronics are used.
A study published in the journal Environmental Research in 2019 found that men who were exposed to lead had lower testosterone levels. The study also found that the association between lead and testosterone levels was stronger in men who were exposed to lead at a younger age.
- Lead: Lead is a heavy metal that is used in the solder that holds together electronic components. It has been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems and cancer.
- Mercury: Mercury is a heavy metal that is used in some electronic components, such as fluorescent light bulbs. It has been linked to neurological problems, kidney damage and birth defects.
- Brominated flame retardants (BFRs): BFRs are a group of chemicals that are used to make electronics flame retardant. They have been linked to thyroid problems, reproductive problems and cancer.
How do endocrine disruptors in electronics enter the body?
- Inhalation: When dust or fumes from electronics are inhaled, the endocrine disruptors can be inhaled into the lungs.
- Ingestion: If food or water that has been contaminated with endocrine disruptors from electronics is ingested, the endocrine disruptors can be ingested and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Skin contact: When skin comes into contact with electronics that contain endocrine disruptors, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through the skin.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors in electronics?
- Choose electronics that are labeled as "lead-free" or "mercury-free."
- Look for electronics that are made with recycled materials.
- Avoid electronics that contain BFRs.
- Wash your hands after handling electronics.
- Avoid eating or drinking near electronics.
- Recycle your old electronics responsibly.
- Support companies that are committed to using sustainable materials and manufacturing practices.
Vaping
- Nicotine: Nicotine is a stimulant that is found in tobacco products, including cigarettes and vaping products. It is a known endocrine disruptor and has been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
- Flavorings: Vaping products often contain flavorings, which can also be endocrine disruptors. Some flavorings, such as diacetyl, have been linked to lung disease.
- Heavy metals: Vaping products can also contain heavy metals, such as lead and mercury. Heavy metals are known endocrine disruptors and have been linked to reproductive problems, developmental problems, and cancer.
How do endocrine disruptors in vapes enter the body?
- Inhalation: When the vapor from vaping products is inhaled, the endocrine disruptors can be inhaled into the lungs.
- Ingestion: If the vapor from vaping products is ingested, the endocrine disruptors can be ingested and absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Skin contact: If the vapor from vaping products comes into contact with the skin, the endocrine disruptors can be absorbed through the skin.
How can you avoid endocrine disruptors found in vapes?
- Avoid vaping altogether. This is the best way to protect yourself from exposure to endocrine disruptors and other harmful chemicals in vaping products.
- Choose vaping products that are labeled as "nicotine-free" or "flavoring-free." This will help to reduce your exposure to endocrine disruptors.
- Avoid vaping products that are made with heavy metals. Look for products that are certified by a third-party organization, such as the CleanVaping.org Seal of Approval.
- Talk to your doctor about quitting vaping. There are a number of resources available to help you quit vaping.
- Support policies that ban flavored vaping products. Flavored vaping products are a major reason why young people start vaping.
These are just a few of the many studies that have found an association between exposure to endocrine disruptors and the harmful effects that they have on our health. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which endocrine disruptors affect testosterone levels, but the evidence to date suggests that it is important to reduce exposure to these chemicals to protect your health. These studies provide strong evidence that exposure to endocrine disruptors can have a negative impact on testosterone levels.
If you are concerned about your testosterone levels, you can reduce your exposure to endocrine disruptors by avoiding these household items. You can also choose natural alternatives, such as glass or stainless steel food containers, fragrance-free personal care products, cast iron pans and non-toxic cleaning products.
How can you reduce your exposure to endocrine disruptors?
- Wash your hands often with natural soap, especially after handling plastics or personal care products.
- Dust and vacuum your home regularly.
- Avoid using air fresheners and other scented products.
- Choose natural alternatives to household cleaners.
- Eat organic foods (especially fruits & vegetables without a skin) whenever possible.
How can you help boost your testosterone levels?
- Eating a healthy diet that is rich in protein and healthy fats.
- Exercising regularly.
- Getting proper quality sleep.
- Managing stress.
By following these tips, you can reduce your exposure to endocrine disruptors and help protect your testosterone levels.
Additional Sources:
- A study published in the journal Human Reproduction in 2015 found that men who were exposed to phthalates during their childhood had lower testosterone levels in adulthood.
- A study published in the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 2016 found that exposure to flame retardants can disrupt the production and function of testosterone in men.
- A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives in 2017 found that exposure to PFAS can reduce testosterone levels in men.
